Scientists at Binghamton University, under the leadership of Professor Seokheun “Sean” Choi, have achieved a significant breakthrough by successfully 3D printing biobatteries from stainless steel. These innovative batteries generate power through an electrochemical reaction fueled by endospores, a dormant form of bacteria.
A pivotal aspect of this research involved a collaboration with Assistant Professor Dehao Liu, an expert in laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). This method proved ideal for fabricating the intricate 3D structures required for the biobattery’s anode. The 3D architecture is critical for maximizing surface area and energy density, creating an optimal environment for microbial activity—a considerable improvement over less efficient 2D anodes.
Stainless steel emerged as the material of choice due to its superior conductivity and durability compared to carbon or polymer-based alternatives. The LPBF technique allowed for precise control over the material’s porosity and roughness, features that commercial meshes lacked. The team also 3D printed other essential components, such as the sealing cover and cathode, enabling a modular “Lego brick” assembly for the battery.
These biobatteries can be stacked to amplify power output, reaching nearly 1 milliwatt—sufficient to power a small LCD screen. A key advantage of the stainless steel design is the reusability of the bacteria, with consistent power levels maintained across multiple uses. The Binghamton team’s future endeavors include streamlining the printing of all battery components and developing an efficient power management system.
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