Additive manufacturing (AM), particularly in metal, has revolutionized the way industries produce components and parts. From aerospace to automotive, healthcare to consumer goods, metal additive manufacturing offers several advantages such as design freedom, rapid prototyping, and cost-effective production. However, to ensure quality, safety, and interoperability, adherence to established standards is crucial. In this article, we delve into the essential additive manufacturing standards for metal printing.
ISO 52900:2015 – Additive Manufacturing – General Principles
ISO 52900 serves as the foundation for metal additive manufacturing standards. It outlines fundamental concepts, terminology, and principles applicable to all AM processes, including those specific to metal. Understanding this standard is essential for establishing a common language within the industry and ensuring consistency in communication.
ISO 17295:2023- Part positioning, coordinates and orientation
Published in May 2023, ISO 17295:2023 aims to bring consistency and trust to the exciting world of metal additive manufacturing (AM). This standard defines how parts are positioned, oriented, and tested within AM machines, ensuring clear communication and comparable results across different users, machines, and materials. By optimizing build orientation, standardizing tests, and classifying part properties, ISO 17295:2023 becomes a vital tool for ensuring the quality and trustworthiness of metal AM.
DNVGL-ST-0377 – Additive manufacturing (AM) qualification and certification
This standard by DNV provides guidelines for the qualification and certification of additive manufacturing processes, including those involving metal materials. It covers aspects such as design, materials, production, post-processing, testing, and quality assurance. DNVGL-ST-0377 ensures that metal additive manufacturing processes meet stringent requirements for performance, safety, and reliability, thereby instilling confidence in the technology’s application across various industries, including maritime, oil and gas, and renewable energy.
ISO/ASTM52910-18 Additive manufacturing — Design — Requirements, guidelines and recommendations
This standard provides comprehensive guidance on the design aspects of additive manufacturing, including metal printing. It outlines requirements, guidelines, and recommendations for designing parts and components suitable for additive manufacturing processes. By considering factors such as geometry, support structures, orientation, and surface finish, ISO/ASTM 52910-18 helps optimize designs for additive manufacturing, ensuring manufacturability, functionality, and performance while minimizing production costs and lead times.
| Category | Standard | Title |
| Applications | ISO/ASTM52942-20 | Qualifying machine operators of laser metal powder bed fusion machines and equipment used in aerospace applications |
| Applications | ISO/ASTM52941-20 | Acceptance tests for laser metal powder-bed fusion machines for metallic materials for aerospace application |
| Applications | F3456-22 | Powder Reuse Schema in Powder Bed Fusion Processes for Medical Applications for Additive Manufacturing Feedstock Materials |
| Applications | F3572-22 | Part Classifications for Additive Manufactured Parts Used in Aviation |
| Applications | F3554-22 | Grade 4340 (UNS G43400) via Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion for Transportation Applications |
| Applications | F3635-23 | Standard Specification for Niobium-Hafnium Alloy UNS R04295 via Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion for Spaceflight Applications |
| Applications | ISO/ASTM52939-23 | Qualification principles for structural and infrastructure elements in construction |
| Design | ISO/ASTM52911-1-19 | Laser-based powder bed fusion of metals – Design |
| Design | F3413-19e1 | Directed Energy Deposition – Design |
| Design | F3530-22 | Post-Processing for Metal PBF-LB – Design |
| Design | F3529-21 | Material Extrusion of Polymers – Design |
| Design | ISO/ASTM52911-2-19 | Laser-based powder bed fusion of polymers – Design |
| Design | ISO/ASTM52911-3-23 | PBF-EB of metallic materials – Design |
| Materials | ISO/ASTM52901-16 | Requirements for Purchased AM Parts |
| Materials | ISO/ASTM52903-2-20 | Material extrusion-based additive manufacturing of plastic materials |
| Materials | ISO/ASTM52904-19 | Process Characteristics and Performance for Metal Powder Bed Fusion Process for Critical Applications |
| Materials | F3302-18 | Titanium Alloys via Powder Bed Fusion |
| Materials | F3213-17 | Cobalt-28 Chromium-6 Molybdenum via Powder Bed Fusion |
| Materials | F3301-18a | Thermal Post-Processing Metal Parts Made Via Powder Bed Fusion |
| Materials | F3318-18 | AlSi10Mg with Powder Bed Fusion – Laser Beam |
| Materials | F2924-14(2021) | Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium with Powder Bed Fusion |
| Materials | F3001-14(2021) | Titanium-6 Aluminum-4 Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) with Powder Bed Fusion |
| Materials | F3049-14(2021) | Characterizing Properties of Metal Powders Used for Additive Manufacturing Processes |
| Materials | F3091/F3091M-14(2021) | Powder Bed Fusion of Plastic Materials |
| Materials | F3056-14(2021) | Nickel Alloy (UNS N06625) with Powder Bed Fusion |
| Materials | F3055-14a(2021) | Nickel Alloy (UNS N07718) with Powder Bed Fusion |
| Materials | ISO/ASTM52903-1-20 | Material extrusion-based additive manufacturing of plastic materials |
| Materials | ISO/ASTM52925-22 | Qualification of materials for laser-based powder bed fusion of parts |
| Materials | ISO/ASTM52920-23 | Qualification principles — Requirements for industrial additive manufacturing processes and production sites |
| Materials | F3592-23 | Guidelines for Feedstock Re-use and Sampling Strategies for Additive Manufacturing of Metals – Powder Bed Fusion |
| Materials | F3607-22 | Maraging Steel via Powder Bed Fusion |
| Materials | ISO/ASTM52935-23 | Qualification principles — Qualification of coordination personnel |
| Terminology | F2792-12a | Terminology for Additive Manufacturing Technologies |
| Terminology | ISO/ASTM52900-21 | Fundamentals and vocabulary for Additive manufacturing |
| Test Methods | ISO/ASTM52907-19 | Methods to characterize metallic powders |
| Test Methods | F2971-13(2021) | Reporting Data for Test Specimens Prepared by Additive Manufacturing |
| Test Methods | ISO/ASTM52921-13(2019) | Terminology for Additive Manufacturing—Coordinate Systems and Test Methodologies |
| Test Methods | F3122-14(2022) | Evaluating Mechanical Properties of Metal Materials Made via Additive Manufacturing Processes |
| Test Methods | F3571-22 | Particle Shape Image Analysis by Optical Photography to Identify and Quantify the Agglomerates/Satellites in Metal Powder Feedstock |
| Test Methods | F3606-22 | Moisture Content in Powder Feedstock |
| Test Methods | F3522-22 | Assessment of Powder Spreadability |
| Test Methods | F3624-23 | Measurement and Characterization of Surface Texture |
| Test Methods | F3626-23 | Accelerated Build Quality Assurance for Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB) |
| Test Methods | ISO/ASTMTR52917-EB | Round Robin Testing — General Guidelines |
| Test Methods | F3489-23 | Material Extrusion — Recommendation for Material Handling and Evaluation of Static Mechanical Properties |
| Test Methods | F3637-23 | Methods for Relative Density Measurement |
| Test Methods | F3615-23 | Condition-Defined Maintenance for Optical Systems |
| Test Methods | ISO/ASTM52902-23 | Geometric capability assessment of additive manufacturing systems |
| Test Methods | ISO/ASTMTR52905-EB | Non-Destructive Testing and Evaluation — Defect Detection in Parts |
ISO/ASTM 52901-16 – Standard Guide for Additive Manufacturing – General Principles – Requirements for Purchased AM Parts
ISO/ASTM 52901-16 provides essential guidance and requirements for organizations involved in procuring metal additive manufactured parts from external suppliers. The standard outlines principles and considerations to ensure the quality, reliability, and fitness for purpose of purchased AM parts across various industries and applications.
ISO/ASTM 52904-19 – Additive Manufacturing – Process Characteristics and Performance: Practice for Metal Powder Bed Fusion Process to Meet Critical Applications
ISO/ASTM 52904-19 provides comprehensive guidance and practices for ensuring the reliability, consistency, and performance of metal powder bed fusion (PBF) processes in critical applications. The standard aims to address the unique challenges and requirements associated with PBF technologies, such as selective laser melting (SLM) and electron beam melting (EBM), to meet stringent application demands, particularly in safety-critical industries like aerospace and medical.
ASTM F3301-18a – Standard for Additive Manufacturing – Post Processing Methods – Standard Specification for Thermal Post-Processing Metal Parts Made Via Powder Bed Fusion
ASTM F3301-18a provides standardized specifications for the thermal post-processing of metal parts manufactured via powder bed fusion (PBF) techniques, such as selective laser melting (SLM) or electron beam melting (EBM). This standard aims to ensure consistent and predictable post-processing methods, thereby enhancing the quality, performance, and reliability of AM-produced metal parts.
Conclusion
In conclusion, additive manufacturing (AM), particularly in metal, has significantly transformed industrial production processes across various sectors, offering unparalleled advantages such as design flexibility, rapid prototyping, and cost-effective manufacturing. However, to ensure the quality, safety, and interoperability of metal AM components, adherence to established standards is paramount.
Overall, these standards play a vital role in fostering innovation, standardization, and quality assurance in metal additive manufacturing, facilitating its widespread adoption and application across diverse industries and domains. As the AM industry continues to evolve, adherence to established standards will remain essential to realize the full potential of this transformative technology.
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